Abstracts
Résumé
Le présent article se penche sur une question de plus en plus importante, soit la réponse des mécanismes de justice formels aux victimes (humaines) des crimes environnementaux. On comprend désormais mieux les impacts des activités polluantes (pratiquées généralement par des personnes morales) sur les individus et les collectivités du monde entier. Ces impacts sont de plus en plus condamnés par les observateurs, issus ou non du milieu scientifique, mais peu d’articles abordent directement la question des victimes de ces dommages environnementaux et aucun n’a tenté de comparer les divers recours du point de vue des victimes ou d’aborder la manière dont de tels recours pourraient être facilités et les formes qu’ils peuvent prendre. La présente étude cherche à remédier à cet état des choses et à remettre en question la tendance actuelle à la critique et au manque de priorité accordé aux voies de recours pénales en réponse aux crimes et aux dommages environnementaux. Elle examinera ainsi les options de réparations disponibles pour les victimes de crimes sous un certain nombre de juridictions et proposera la première évaluation critique et systématique de leur pertinence dans les affaires environnementales.
Mots-clés :
- Environnement,
- compensation,
- victimes,
- torts,
- dommages civils
Abstract
This paper concerns an increasingly pressing issue – the response of formal justice mechanisms to the impacts of environmental crime on its victims. The harms affecting individuals and communities across the world as a result of environmentally polluting practices are increasingly understood and condemned, but very little of the legal and criminological literature considers the victims of environmental harm directly and none of it has set out to systematically compare different mechanisms of redress from the victims’ perspective or to suggest how such redress might be better facilitated or what form it might take. The present article seeks to remedy this extremely unsatisfactory and potentially re-victimising situation. It also seeks to challenge the present trend among commenters to criticise and deprioritize proposals that suggest that responses to environmental harm should involve the criminal justice system. This paper scrutinises the options for redress open to victims of crime across a number of jurisdictions and offers the first systematic and critical assessment of their suitability for use in environmental cases.
Keywords:
- Environnent,
- compensation,
- victims,
- torts,
- civil damages
Resumen
El presente estudio trata de un tema de importancia creciente : la respuesta de los mecanismos de justicia formales a las consecuencias de los crímenes ambientales para sus víctimas. Los daños causados a los individuos y a las colectividades del mundo entero por las actividades contaminantes del ambiente, son cada vez mejor comprendidas así como condenadas, pero muy pocos textos abordan directamente el tema de las victimas de dichos daños ambientales. Ningún texto intenta tampoco comparar los diversos recursos desde el punto de vista de las víctimas, o abordar la manera en la que tales recursos pueden ser facilitados en el marco de diferentes sistemas jurídicos así como las formas que éstos pueden adoptar. El presente estudio busca remediar este estado de la situación y cuestionar la tendencia actual de criticar y de no acordar la prioridad a los recursos penales en respuesta a los crímenes y daños ambientales. Este estudio examina también las opciones de reparación disponibles para las víctimas de crímenes bajo ciertas jurisdicciones y propone una primera evaluación crítica y sistemática de su relevancia en los casos ambientales.
Palabras clave:
- Ambiente,
- compensación,
- víctimas,
- perjuicios,
- daños civiles
Appendices
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