Abstracts
Résumé
Le présent article cherche à établir un lien entre les phénomènes du crime transnational et les services de police transnationaux, par l’entremise d’une discussion critique des termes employés pour les décrire. Il soutient que les discours autorisés au sujet du crime transnational sont sélectifs et incomplets, donnant naissance à deux types d’échecs. Il s’agit d’un échec positif dans la mesure où l’augmentation du pouvoir des services policiers en réaction à la panique suscitée par le crime à l’échelle mondiale s’effectue au détriment des libertés civiles et des droits de la personne. Il s’agit également d’un échec négatif, car la capacité des services de police transnationaux qui a été mise au point n’est pas en mesure de réagir aux conséquences criminologiques qui constituent un véritable, quoique négatif, aspect de la mondialisation. D’un point de vue sociologique, l’assemblage de surveillance du complexe de sécurité, dont la police, à l’échelle mondiale, représente un pouvoir terrifiant et injustifiable, légitimé sur la base des menaces évoquées par des « démons populaires » désignés. Or, et en dépit du prétendu succès de ce complexe de sécurité policier, notamment dû à la couverture qu’en ont faite les médias, cet assemblage demeure capricieux du fait de ses pathologies internes et de sa fragmentation institutionnelle. En conclusion, l’auteur affirme que l’examen critique des concepts qui composent le crime transnational et les services policiers contribue de façon déterminante à la compréhension sociologique du système mondial et de sa gouvernance.
Mots-clés :
- Crime transnational,
- services de police transnationaux,
- sécurité,
- mondialisation,
- droits de la personne
Abstract
This article seeks to connect the phenomena of transnational crime and transnational policing through a critical discussion of the terms used to describe them. It argues that authorized discourses regarding transnational crime are selective and partial and that this results in two kinds of failure. It is a positive failure insofar as increasing policing power in response to a global crime panic comes at the expense of civil liberties and human rights. It is a negative failure because the transnational policing capacity that has been developed is unable to respond to the criminological consequences that are a real, albeit negative, aspect of globalization. Sociologically speaking, the surveillant assemblage of the emergent global police security-complex is an awesome and unaccountable power legitimitated on the basis of specified folkdevils. However, and in spite of well-publicized claims to success, due to its own internal organizational pathologies and institutional fragmentation, the police security-complex is capricious. The article concludes by arguing that critical the examination of the concepts that constitute transnational crime and policing is a crucial contribution to the sociological understanding of the global system and its governance.
Keywords:
- Transnational crime,
- transnational policing,
- security,
- globalization,
- human rights
Resumen
El presente artículo busca establecer un lazo entre los fenómenos del crimen transnacional y los servicios de policía trasnacionales, a través de una discusión crítica sobre los términos utilizados para describirlos. Se sostiene que los discursos autorizados sobre la temática del crimen transnacional son selectivos e incompletos, originando dos tipos de fracasos : un fracaso positivo, en la medida que el aumento del poder de los servicios policiales-en reacción al pánico suscitado por el crimen a escala mundial-se efectúa en detrimento de las libertades civiles y de los derechos de las personas. También, un fracaso negativo, ya que la capacidad de los servicios de policía transnacional, que fueron puestos a punto, no se encuentran en la medida de reaccionar a las consecuencias criminológicas que constituyen, verdadera pero negativamente, un aspecto de la globalización. Desde un punto de vista sociológico, el armado de la vigilancia del complejo de seguridad, del cual la policía representa, a nivel mundial, un poder aterrorizante e injustificable, legitimado sobre la base de amenazas evocadas por los « demonios populares » designados. Ahora bien, a pesar del supuesto triunfo de dicho complejo de seguridad policial, y especialmente, gracias a la cobertura mediática, este montaje sigue siendo caprichoso, dado sus patologías internas y su fragmentación institucional. En conclusión, el autor afirma que el examen crítico de los conceptos que componen al crimen transnacional y a los servicios policiales, contribuyen de manera determinante a la comprensión sociológica del sistema mundial de gobernabilidad.
Palabras clave:
- Crimen transnacional,
- servicios policiales transnacionales,
- seguridad,
- globalización,
- derechos de las personas
Appendices
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