Abstracts
Résumé
La ville, espace privilégié de la libération sexuelle, donne à l’homosexualité depuis quelques décennies un droit à la visibilité. L’espace public, en tant que scène de rencontre avec l’altérité, permet de mettre en question avec le plus d’acuité ce droit à la ville pour tous. Cette recherche analyse les pratiques et les représentations de l’espace public des populations homosexuelles dans Paris. L’objectif est de comprendre comment s’expriment et s’acceptent les différentes orientations sexuelles dans l’ensemble de l’espace urbain visible, contribuant aux réflexions théoriques sur les fondements mêmes de l’identité de la ville moderne. Une méthode spécifique est élaborée afin de développer une approche réellement spatiale du phénomène. Notre recherche montre que l’orientation sexuelle participe de l’inégal accès à un espace public hétéronormé et que cette inégalité est « naturalisée » dans les comportements. Elle conduit à affirmer le rôle moteur des quartiers gais dans la construction des identités homosexuelles et l’importance de leur appropriation. Cette appropriation ne signifie pas la privatisation de ces espaces, mais constitue un outil susceptible de renforcer la visibilité d’un groupe stigmatisé et marginalisé à cause de son orientation sexuelle.
Mots-clés :
- Appropriation,
- espace public,
- homosexuel(le),
- norme,
- Paris,
- ville
Abstract
For a number of decades, the city, the privileged space of sexual liberation, has given homosexuality the right to be visible. The public space, as a backdrop for meeting otherness allows us to pose searching questions about this right to a city for all. In this article, we analyze the practices and the perceptions of public space in the homosexual communities of Paris. Our objective is to understand how the various sexual orientations are received and expressed throughout the visible urban space – an adjunct to the theoretical debates on the very foundations of identity in modern cities. We have devised a specific type of methodology to ensure that our approach to our subject is truly spatial. Our research shows that sexual orientation is related to unequal access to a heteronormed public space and that this inequality is “naturalized” behaviourally. Naturalization underscores the role of gay districts as the primum mobile in the construction of homosexual identity and the importance of their appropriation. However, appropriation does not signify privatization of these spaces as much as a tool capable of heightening the visibility of a group of individuals who are stigmatized and marginalized on account of their sexual orientation.
Keywords:
- Appropriation,
- public space,
- homosexual,
- norm,
- Paris,
- city
Resumen
La ciudad, espacio privilegiado de la liberación sexual desde hace algunos decenios, permite a la homosexualidad un derecho de visibilidad. El espacio público, como escenario del encuentro con lo diferente, permite de interrogar con más agudeza el derecho de la ciudad para todos. Esta investigación analiza las prácticas y las representaciones del espacio público de las poblaciones homosexuales en París. El objetivo es comprender como se manifiestan y se aceptan las diferentes orientaciones sexuales en el conjunto del espacio urbano visible, contribuyendo así a las reflexiones teóricas sobre los fundamentos mismos de la identidad de la ciudad moderna. Es elaborado un método específico para desarrollar un enfoque verdaderamente espacial de éste fenómeno. Nuestra investigación muestra que la orientación sexual participa del acceso desigual a un espacio público heteronormado y que, esta desigualdad, esta « naturalizada » en los comportamientos. Ella conduce a afirmar la función motor de los barrios « gais » en la construcción de identidades homosexuales y en la importancia de su apropiación. Esta apropiación no significa la privatización de esos espacios, más bien constituye un útil susceptible de reforzar la visibilidad de un grupo estigmatizado y marginalizado a causa de su orientación sexual.
Palabras clave:
- Apropiación,
- espacio público,
- homosexual,
- norma,
- París,
- iudad
Appendices
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