ror.org/02ryfmr77
Abstracts
Résumé
Si l’on excepte le cas de l’île de Trinidad, en raison de son caractère continental, les occupations humaines les plus anciennes des Antilles ont été découvertes dans les Grandes Antilles. Elles datent d’une période qui a été qualifiée de « Lithique » ou de « Paléoindienne », dans le système chrono-culturel conçu par Irving Rouse, mais que nous avons préféré désigner sous le nom d’Archaïque Ancien (6500-4000 BP). Leur matériel archéologique a été rattaché, par Rouse, à la tradition Casimiroïde. Il comprend un outillage de pierre qui a suscité des comparaisons avec des complexes archaïques du Belize et du nord-ouest du Venezuela ; il nous semble que les analogies entre les industries macrolaminaires du Belize et des Antilles sont particulièrement significatives, et qu’elles pourraient désigner le lieu d’origine des premiers Antillais. Les raisons qui ont pu pousser des groupes humains à coloniser l’archipel sont difficiles à déterminer, mais sont sans doute à rechercher dans les bouleversements économiques et sociaux qui ont affecté les sociétés de la période Archaïque. En tout cas, certains indices archéologiques font présumer que l’établissement de l’homme dans les Antilles s’est accompagné d’une rupture de l’ordre social en vigueur sur le continent, et de changements profonds et durables dans l’organisation des sociétés.
Appendices
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