Abstracts
Abstract
The Canadian healthcare system has a rich history of using public funds for medically necessary hospital and physician services, legislated by the Canada Health Act (CHA). Overlapping with this history is the fight for reproductive rights which culminated in the decriminalization of abortion in 1988. Provincial and territorial governments must ensure that residents have “reasonable access” to health services deemed “medically necessary” as per the CHA principle of accessibility; the federal government holds the authority to withhold funding to sub-national governments if violated. We demonstrate that sufficient policy and legislative evidence exists to support abortion as a medically necessary procedure in Canada. We further argue that, as a medically necessary health service, the inequitable landscape of abortion access across Canada requires vast improvements to fulfil the “accessibility” principle. Systemic and geographical barriers, a lack of culturally informed care, unwilling providers, and anti-choice influences complicate abortion access. Though accessibility has been broadened with the introduction of Mifegymiso — the gold standard for medical abortion — this has not solved the problem of access. In this paper, we argue that classifying a procedure as medically necessary, in this case abortion, requires active and sustained policy action to improve equitable access and remove barriers to care. We justify the special status we give abortion through utilitarian and justice reasons, and due to the unique barriers to care faced by patients seeking abortions.
Keywords:
- abortion,
- medical necessity,
- health policy,
- Canada Health Act,
- access to care,
- reproductive health
Résumé
Le système de santé canadien a une riche histoire d’utilisation des fonds publics pour les services hospitaliers et médicaux médicalement nécessaires, conformément à la loi canadienne sur la santé (LCS). La lutte pour les droits reproductifs, qui a abouti à la dépénalisation de l’avortement en 1988, se superpose à cette histoire. Les gouvernements provinciaux et territoriaux doivent veiller à ce que les résidents aient un « accès raisonnable » aux services de santé jugés « médicalement nécessaires », conformément au principe d’accessibilité de la LCS ; le gouvernement fédéral a le pouvoir de suspendre le financement des gouvernements infranationaux en cas de violation de ce principe. Nous démontrons qu’il existe des preuves politiques et législatives suffisantes pour soutenir l’avortement en tant que procédure médicalement nécessaire au Canada. Nous soutenons également qu’en tant que service de santé médicalement nécessaire, le paysage inéquitable de l’accès à l’avortement au Canada nécessite de vastes améliorations pour satisfaire au principe d’« accessibilité ». Les barrières systémiques et géographiques, le manque de soins culturellement informés, le manque de volonté des prestataires et les influences anti-choix compliquent l’accès à l’avortement. Bien que l’accessibilité ait été élargie avec l’introduction de Mifegymiso — l’étalon-or de l’avortement médical — cela n’a pas résolu le problème de l’accès. Dans cet article, nous soutenons que la classification d’une procédure comme médicalement nécessaire, en l’occurrence l’avortement, nécessite une action politique active et soutenue afin d’améliorer l’accès équitable et de supprimer les obstacles aux soins. Nous justifions le statut spécial que nous accordons à l’avortement par des considérations utilitaires.
Mots-clés :
- avortement,
- nécessité médicale,
- politique de santé,
- loi canadienne sur la santé,
- accès aux soins,
- santé reproductive
Appendices
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