Abstracts
Abstract
Autonomy is a primary guiding healthcare ethics principle in Western liberal societies. Generally speaking, the principle means that we ought to respect individuals’ decisions in relation to themselves, even when such decisions are risky from some perspectives. The principle of autonomy may be of particular importance when thinking about marginalized populations whose ability to make autonomous decisions, and to have such decisions respected (by enabling the autonomous decision to occur through positive or negative means), was largely, historically non-existent. One of these populations is people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). When it comes to a person with IDD making an autonomous risky decision, a clinician may respect their decision because of the typical weight and priority given to the principle of autonomy. However, this paper argues that a person with IDD’s autonomous risky decision related to care provision should only be respected insofar as the clinician has demonstrated trustworthiness in an effort to obtain trust. In other words, I argue that unless a clinician has demonstrated that they are trustworthy, then a risky autonomous decision related to care provision should not be immediately respected when working with a person with IDD. The reason that a risky autonomous decision should not be respected unless there is demonstrated trustworthiness is because of how trustworthiness may influence decision-making insofar as trust is gained. If a person with IDD makes a risky decision without finding their provider to be trustworthy, then their decision may be unnecessarily motivated by lack of trust. There are good reasons that a person with IDD may not find their clinicians to be trustworthy, hence the rationale for ensuring the intentional demonstration of trustworthiness before respect for autonomous risky decision-making.
Keywords:
- intellectual disability,
- developmental disability,
- trust,
- trustworthiness,
- autonomy,
- risk,
- ethics
Résumé
L’autonomie est l’un des principaux principes directeurs de l’éthique des soins de santé dans les sociétés libérales occidentales. D’une manière générale, ce principe signifie que nous devons respecter les décisions des individus par rapport à eux-mêmes, même si ces décisions sont risquées d’un certain point de vue. Le principe d’autonomie peut revêtir une importance particulière lorsque l’on pense aux populations marginalisées dont la capacité à prendre des décisions autonomes et à faire respecter ces décisions (en permettant à la décision autonome de se produire par des moyens positifs ou négatifs) a été largement, historiquement inexistante. L’une de ces populations est constituée par les personnes atteintes de déficiences intellectuelles et de troubles du développement (DITD). Lorsqu’une personne atteinte d’une DITD prend une décision autonome et risquée, un clinicien peut respecter sa décision en raison du poids et de la priorité généralement accordés au principe d’autonomie. Toutefois, cet article soutient que la décision autonome et risquée d’une personne atteinte de DITD concernant la prestation de soins ne devrait être respectée que dans la mesure où le clinicien a démontré qu’il était digne de confiance dans le but d’obtenir la confiance. En d’autres termes, je soutiens qu’à moins qu’un clinicien n’ait démontré qu’il est digne de confiance, une décision autonome risquée liée à la prestation de soins ne devrait pas être immédiatement respectée lorsqu’on travaille avec une personne atteinte de DITD. La raison pour laquelle une décision autonome risquée ne devrait pas être respectée à moins qu’il n’ait été démontré qu’il est digne de confiance est la façon dont la fiabilité peut influencer la prise de décision dans la mesure où la confiance est gagnée. Si une personne atteinte de DITD prend une décision risquée sans avoir trouvé son prestataire digne de confiance, sa décision peut être inutilement motivée par un manque de confiance. Il y a de bonnes raisons pour qu’une personne atteinte de DITD ne trouve pas ses cliniciens dignes de confiance, d’où la nécessité d’assurer la démonstration intentionnelle de la fiabilité avant le respect de la prise de décision autonome et risquée.
Mots-clés :
- déficience intellectuelle,
- trouble du développement,
- confiance,
- fiabilité,
- autonomie,
- risque,
- éthique
Appendices
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