Abstracts
Abstract
Discrimination in healthcare settings is a burgeoning area of applied inquiry and intervention. Existing research has focused on the experiences of patients as the targets of discrimination with less attention paid to patients as the source of discrimination. The main objective of this scoping review is to identify, explore and map the literature on the experiences of healthcare workers (HCWs) as targets of discrimination from patients and/or their family members. A scoping review of articles indexed in Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Ovid Emcare, and Web of Science Core Collection was conducted between March 2022 and June 2023. The results were summarized, coded and thematically categorized according to the aim. The review identified 173 articles that highlighted various forms of discrimination manifesting in a multitude of ways, including requests for, and refusals of specific HCWs based on social identity markers. The results suggest that there are significant barriers that prevent HCWs from reporting and responding to these incidents in efficient ways, resulting in an array of negative psychological ramifications. This review highlights core areas in need of greater attention in order to better support HCWs during challenging interactions with discriminatory patients. Institutional recommendations aimed at research and education efforts, learner experiences, policy writing, documenting and reporting, institutional culture, resources and support as well as the role of professional bodies, were identified. Evidence-informed work is needed in this area to ensure that policy-level changes are informed by the lived experiences of those enduring these incidents.
Keywords:
- discrimination,
- bioethics,
- health policy,
- biased patients,
- healthcare professional experiences,
- education
Résumé
La discrimination dans les établissements de soins de santé est un domaine de recherche appliquée et d’intervention en plein essor. Les recherches existantes se sont concentrées sur les expériences des patients en tant que cibles de la discrimination et ont accordé moins d’attention aux patients en tant que sources de discrimination. L’objectif principal de cette étude exploratoire est d’identifier, d’explorer et de cartographier la littérature sur les expériences du personnel de santé en tant que cible de la discrimination de la part des patients ou des membres de leur famille. Une revue exploratoire des articles indexés dans Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Ovid Emcare et Web of Science Core Collection a été réalisée entre mars 2022 et juin 2023. Les résultats ont été résumés, codés et classés par catégories thématiques en fonction de l’objectif. L’analyse a permis d’identifier 173 articles mettant en évidence diverses formes de discrimination se manifestant de multiples façons, y compris des demandes et des refus de travailleurs de la santé spécifiques fondés sur des marqueurs d’identité sociale. Les résultats suggèrent qu’il existe des obstacles importants qui empêchent les professionnels de la santé de signaler ces incidents et d’y répondre de manière efficace, ce qui entraîne toute une série de ramifications psychologiques négatives. Cette étude met en évidence les principaux domaines nécessitant une attention accrue afin de mieux soutenir les professionnels de la santé lors d’interactions difficiles avec des patients victimes de discrimination. Des recommandations institutionnelles visant les efforts de recherche et d’éducation, les expériences des apprenants, la rédaction de politiques, la documentation et les rapports, la culture institutionnelle, les ressources et le soutien, ainsi que le rôle des organismes professionnels, ont été identifiées. Des travaux fondés sur des données probantes sont nécessaires dans ce domaine afin de garantir que les changements au niveau des politiques s’appuient sur les expériences vécues par les personnes confrontées à ces incidents.
Mots-clés :
- discrimination,
- bioéthique,
- politique de santé,
- patients biaisés,
- expériences des professionnels de santé,
- formation
Appendices
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