Abstracts
Abstract
This commentary builds on my presentation in the panel “Revisioning Feminist Engagements with Madness” at the 2023 Women’s, Gender, and Social Justice annual conference. In doing so, this piece grapples with several debates surrounding the stigmatized psychiatric label of “borderline personality disorder (BPD).” While feminists have long called for the diagnosis to be removed or replaced, Mad-affirmative scholars are reconceptualizing borderline as a cluster of insightful experiences and psychocentric activists are trying to destigmatize and raise awareness about “BPD.” The latter two efforts are very different from each other, yet both seem to be located in white, globally elite spaces. This piece suggests that we can learn from other reclamation movements that, co-opted by the colonial state and neoliberal market, have mainly benefited elites, and thus cautions against any attempt to universally reclaim, reject, or reconceptualize borderline. That is, rather than unpacking what borderline really is or should mean, this piece asks what borderline does, for whom, in which contexts, and towards what ends. Drawing from Gilles Deleuze’s ethological method and Jasbir Puar’s work on debility and capacity, this article acknowledges the socio-political patterns of borderline, as well as the broader systems we might be serving in our seemingly progressive discourses.
Keywords:
- borderline personality disorder,
- debility,
- ethology,
- futurity,
- Mad Studies,
- reclamation
Résumé
Ce commentaire fait suite à ma présentation au sein du groupe « Revisioning Feminist Engagements with Madness » lors de la conférence annuelle Women’s, Gender, and Social Justice de 2023. Ainsi, cet article aborde les nombreux débats concernant l’étiquette psychiatrique stigmatisée du « trouble de la personnalité limite (TPL) ». Alors que les féministes demandent depuis longtemps que l’on élimine ou remplace le diagnostic, les spécialistes de la folie conceptualisent de nouveau le trouble de la personnalité limite comme un ensemble d’expériences révélatrices et les militants pour le psychocentrisme tentent de déstigmatiser le « TPL » et de sensibiliser les gens à ce trouble. Ces deux derniers efforts sont très différents l’un de l’autre, mais ils semblent tous deux appartenir à des milieux blancs de l’élite mondiale. Cet article indique que nous pouvons tirer des leçons d’autres mouvements de revendication qui, cooptés par l’État colonial et le marché néolibéral, ont principalement profité aux élites, et met donc en garde contre toute tentative visant à revendiquer, à rejeter ou à conceptualiser de nouveau de manière universelle le trouble de la personnalité limite. Autrement dit, plutôt que de décortiquer ce que le trouble de la personnalité limite signifie ou devrait signifier, cet article cherche à savoir ce que ce trouble fait, pour qui, dans quels contextes et à quelles fins. Inspiré de la méthode éthologique de Gilles Deleuze et des travaux de Jasbir Puar sur la débilité et la capacité, cet article tient compte des schémas sociopolitiques du trouble de la personnalité limite, ainsi que de l’ensemble des systèmes que nous pourrions servir dans nos discours apparemment progressistes.
Mots-clés :
- trouble de la personnalité limite,
- débilité,
- éthologie,
- avenir,
- études sur la folie,
- revendication
Appendices
Bibliography
- Barlott, Tim, and Pier-Luc Turcotte. 2022. “Shame, a Revolutionary Affect that Can Mobilize Activist Scholarship.” Paper presented at the World Occupational Science Conference, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, August 19, 2022.
- Barlott, Tim. 2024. (Academic supervisor), in discussion with the author. January.
- Becker, Dana. 1997. Through the Looking Glass: Women and Borderline Personality Disorder. Boulder: Westview.
- Ben-Moshe, Liat. 2018. “Weaponizing Disability.” Periscope: Social Text Online, October, 2018. https://socialtextjournal.org/periscope_article/weaponizing-disability/.
- Beresford, Peter, and Diana Rose. 2023. “Decolonising Global Mental Health: The Role of Mad Studies.” Cambridge Prisms: Global Mental Health 10 (1): e30, 1–8. doi.org/10.1017/gmh.2023.21.
- Buchanan, Ian. 1997. “The Problem of the Body in Deleuze and Guattari, Or, What Can a Body Do?” Body & Society 3 (3): 73–91. doi.org/10.1177/1357034X97003003004.
- Cannon, Jane, and Ian Gould. 2022. “Debate: ‘The-Diagnosis-That-Must-Not-Be-Named’ – Professionals’ Fear of BPD is Failing their Patients.” Child and Adolescent Mental Health 27 (2): 201-202. doi.org/10.1111/camh.12555.
- Chen, Mel Y. 2012. Animacies: Biopolitics, Racial Mattering, and Queer Affect. Durham: Duke University Press.
- Deleuze, Gilles. (1970) 1988. Spinoza: Practical Philosophy. Translated by Robert Hurley. San Francisco: City Lights.
- Duff, Cameron. 2014. Assemblages of Health: Deleuze’s Empiricism and the Ethology of Life. Dordrecht: Springer.
- Emotions Matter. 2016. “Welcome to Emotions Matter.” https://emotionsmatterbpd.org/.
- Eromosele, Femi. 2020. “Frantz Fanon in the Time of Mad Studies.” World Futures 76 (3): 167-87. doi.org/10.1080/02604027.2020.1730737.
- Ferguson, Roderick. 2018. One-Dimensional Queer. Cambridge; Medford: Polity.
- Fox, Nick J., and Pam Alldred. 2021 “Doing New Materialist Data Analysis: A Spinozo-Deleuzian Ethological Toolkit.” International Journal of Social Research Methodology 25 (5): 625-638. doi.org/10.1080/13645579.2021.1933070.
- Gorman, Rachel. 2013. “Thinking Through Race, Class, and Mad Identity Politics.” In Mad Matters: A Reader in Canadian Mad Studies, edited by Bren A. LeFrançois, Robert Menzies, and Geoffrey Reaume, 269-80. Toronto: Canadian Scholars Press.
- H, Gary. 2018. “A Diagnosis of ‘Borderline Personality Disorder’ Who am I? Who could I have been? Who can I become?” Psychosis 10 (1): 70-75. doi.org/10.1080/17522439.2018.1431691.
- Giacaman, Rita. 2018. “Reframing Public Health in Wartime: From the Biomedical Model to the ‘Wounds Inside.’” Journal of Palestine Studies 47 (2): 9. doi.org/10.1525/jps.2018.47.2.9.
- Government of the Republic of South Africa. 2023. Application Instituting Proceedings and Request for the Indication of Provisional Measures. Submitted to the International Court of Justice. 2023 December 29, 35. https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/192/192-20231228-app-01-00-en.pdf.
- Gunaratnam, Yasmin. 2021. “Infrastructures of Racial Violence, Health and Debility.” Sociology of Health and Illness 43 (8): 1845–1850. doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.13365.
- Johnson, Merri Lisa. 2015. “Bad Romance: A Crip Feminist Critique of Queer Failure.” Hypatia 30 (1): 251–267. doi.org/10.1111/hypa.12134.
- Johnson, Merri Lisa. 2021. “Neuroqueer Feminism: Turning with Tenderness toward Borderline Personality Disorder.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 46 (3): 635–62. https://doi.org/10.1086/712081.
- Lajoie, Corinne. 2019. “Being at Home: A Feminist Phenomenology of Disorientation in Illness.” Hypatia 34 (3): 546-569. doi.org/10.1111/hypa.12476.
- LeFrançois, Brenda A., Robert Menzies, and Geoffrey Reaume, eds. 2013. Mad Matters: A Critical Reader in Canadian Mad Studies. Toronto: Canadian Scholars.
- Lester, Rebecca. 2013. “Lessons from the Borderline: Anthropology, Psychiatry, and the Risks of Being Human.” Feminism and Psychology 23 (1): 70–77. doi.org/10.1177/0959353512467969.
- Lewis, Francesca. 2023. “Autø/gnøsis: Articulating and Affirming Borderline Experience and its Knowledges.” PhD diss., University of York.
- Livingston, Julie. 2005. Debility and the Moral Imagination in Botswana. African Systems of Thought. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
- Meekosha, Helen. 2011. “Decolonising Disability: Thinking and Acting Globally.” Disability & Society 26 (6): 667–82. doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2011.602860.
- Mills, China. 2014. Decolonizing Global Mental Health: The Psychiatrization of the Majority World. Concepts for Critical Psychology. New York: Routledge.
- Mohamed, Kharnita. 2020. “Debilitating Capitalism, Covid-19, and the Tragedy of Essential Work.” Corona Times, April 27. https://www.coronatimes.net/debilitating-capitalism-and-the-tragedy-of-essential-work/.
- Mulder, R., and P. Tyrer. 2023. “Borderline Personality Disorder: A Spurious Condition Unsupported by Science that Should be Abandoned.” Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 116 (4): 148-150. doi.org/10.1177/01410768231164780.
- Novak, Kyle. 2021. “We Still Do Not Know What a Body Can Do: The Replacement of Ontology with Ethology in Deleuze’s Spinoza.” Symposium: Canadian Journal of Continental Philosophy 25 (2): 75-97. doi.org/10.5840/symposium202125217.
- Puar, Jasbir K. 2007. Terrorist Assemblages: Homonationalism in Queer Times. Durham: Duke University Press.
- Puar, Jasbir K. 2009. “Prognosis Time: Towards a Geopolitics of Affect, Debility and Capacity.” Women & Performance 19 (2): 161–72. doi.org/10.1080/07407700903034147.
- Puar, Jasbir K. 2017. The Right to Maim: Debility, Capacity, Disability. Durham: Duke University Press.
- Puar, Jasbir K. 2020. “I Would Rather be a Cyborg than a Goddess: Becoming Intersectional in Assemblage Theory.” In Feminist Theory Reader: Local and Global Perspectives, edited by Carole McCann, Seung-kyung Kim, and Emek Ergun, 405-415. New York: Routledge.
- Redikopp, Sarah. 2018. “Borderline Knowing: (Re)valuing Borderline Personality Disorder as (Counter)knowledge.” Word Text—Journal of Literary and Linguistic Studies 8: 77-92.
- Redikopp, Sarah. 2021. “Out of place, Out of Mind: Min(d)ing Race in Mad Studies Through a Metaphor of Spatiality.” Canadian Journal of Disability Studies 10 (3): 96–118. doi.org/10.15353/cjds.v10i3.817.
- Redikopp, Sarah, and Sarah Smith. 2022. “Interrogating Non-suicidal Self Injury Disorder Through a Feminist Psychiatric Disability Theory Framework.” Sociology of Health and Illness 45 (6): 1205-22. doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.13560.
- Redikopp, Sarah, Jordan Hodgins, Sarah Smith, and Erin Tichenor. 2023. “Revisioning Feminist Engagements with Madness.” Panel presentation at the Women’s, Gender, and Social Justice Conference, Congress, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, May 29, 2023.
- Redikopp, Sarah. 2023. (Mad feminist academic), in discussion with the author. December.
- Reyes, Raniel S.M. 2017. “The Revolutionary Spinoza: Immanence, Ethology, and the Politic of Desire.” Kritike 11 (1): 197-217. doi.org/10.25138/11.1.a11.
- Shaw, Clare, and Gillian Proctor. 2005. “Women at the Margins: A Critique of the Diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder.” Feminist Psychology 15 (4): 483-90. doi.org/10.1177/0959-353505057620.
- Smith, Linda Tuhiwai. (1999) 2021. Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples. 3rd ed. New York: Bloomsbury.
- Sostar, Tiffany. 2023. (Narrative therapist), in discussion with the author. November.
- Tam, Louise. 2013. “Whither Indigenizing the Mad Movement? Theorizing the Social Relations of Race and Madness Through Conviviality.” In Mad Matters: A Reader in Canadian Mad Studies, edited by Bren A. LeFrançois, Robert Menzies, and Geoffrey Reaume, 281-97. Toronto: Canadian Scholars Press.
- Ussher, Jane. 2013. “Diagnosing Difficult Women and Pathologizing Femininity: Gender Bias in Psychiatric Nosology.” Feminist Psychology 23 (1): 63-69. doi.org/10.1177/0959353512467968.
- White, Kimberley, and M.C. Pike. 2013. “The Making and Marketing of Mental Health Literacy in Canada.” In Mad Matters: A Reader in Canadian Mad Studies, edited by Bren A. LeFrançois, Robert Menzies, and Geoffrey Reaume, 239-52. Toronto: Canadian Scholars Press.
- Wirth-Cauchon, Janet. 2001. Women and Borderline Personality Disorder: Symptoms and Stories. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.
- Wynter, Sylvia. 1984. “The Ceremony Must Be Found: After Humanism.” Boundary 2 12 (3)/13 (1): 19-70. doi.org/10.2307/302808.
- Yuan, Yan, Hyunji Lee, Shaun M. Eack, and Christina E. Newhill. 2023. “A Systematic Review of the Association Between Early Childhood Trauma and Borderline Personality Disorder.” Journal of Personality Disorders 37 (1): 16-35. doi.org/10.1521/pedi.2023.37.1.16.