Abstracts
Résumé
Certains ethnohistoriens ont récemment suggéré que leur tâche n’est pas tant de faire émerger la cohérence que de démontrer comment les hiérarchies de crédibilité sont créées et requièrent une théorie d’inscriptions. Dans cet article, je propose que de récents travaux d’anthropologie linguistique sur l’entextualisation et la recontextualisation offrent des outils cruciaux pour cette entreprise historique. En particulier, je m’attarde aux façons dont les rapports annuels de santé publique publiés pendant l’occupation américaine des Philippines ont eu recours à l’effacement ainsi qu’à l’incorporation afin de minimiser les initiatives philippines de santé publique au début du vingtième siècle. En réfléchissant sur les raisons menant à la ventriloquie, plutôt qu’à l’effacement, je complexifie les idées concernant la relation entre silence et pouvoir. L’analyse textuelle sert ici à remettre en question les prétextes de la présence impériale américaine présentée comme bénéfique pour la santé du peuple philippin, en théorisant la relation entre le silence et l’effacement.
Mots-clés:
- McElhinny,
- recontextualisation,
- effacement,
- silence,
- incorporation,
- ventriloquie,
- discours colonial,
- ethnohistoire,
- ethnolinguistique,
- Philippines,
- empire américain,
- santé publique,
- mortalité infantile
Abstract
Historical anthropologists have recently argued that their task is not to produce coherence, but instead to depict how hierarchies of credibility are established in ways that requires a theory of inscriptions. In this paper, I argue that recent work in linguistic anthropology on entextualization and recontextualization has some crucial insights to offer into precisely this historical enterprise. In particular, I look at the ways that annual reports of public health published during the American occupation of the Philippines use erasure and incorporation in ways that minimize Filipino public health initiatives in the early twentieth century. In considering why such work was more likely to be ventriloquized than erased I complicate existing ideas about the relationship between silence and power. Textual analysis here serves to challenge the pretexts of the American imperial presence as one benefiting the health of the Filipino people, as it theorizes the relationship between silence and erasure.
Key words:
- McElhinny,
- recontextualization,
- erasure,
- silence,
- incorporation,
- ventriloquism,
- colonial discourse,
- historical anthropology,
- linguistic anthropology,
- Philippines,
- American empire,
- public health,
- infant mortality
Resumen
Ciertos etnohistoriadores han recientemente propuesto que su trabajo no consiste tanto en hacer surgir la coherencia sino en demostrar cómo las jerarquías de credibilidad son creadas y requieren una teoría de la inscripción. En este artículo, propongo que los recientes trabajos de antropología lingüística sobre la intextualización y la recontextualización proporcionan los útiles cruciales para esta empresa histórica. Particularmente, me concentro en las maneras en que los reportes anuales de salud pública publicados durante la ocupación americana de Filipinas recurrieron a la supresión y a la incorporación con el fin de minimizar las iniciativas filipinas de salud pública a principios del siglo veinte. Al reflexionar sobre las razones que conducen más bien hacia la ventriloquia que hacia la supresión, las ideas sobre la relación entre el silencio y el poder se vuelven más complejas. El análisis textual sirve para cuestionar los pretextos de la presencia imperial americana, presentada come benéfica para la salud del pueblo filipino, lo que permite teorizar la relación entre el silencio y la supresión
Palabras clave:
- McElhinny,
- recontextualización,
- supresión,
- silencio,
- incorporación,
- ventriloquia,
- discurso colonial,
- etnohistoria,
- etnolingüística,
- Filipinas,
- imperio americano,
- salud pública,
- mortalidad infantil
Appendices
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