Abstracts
Résumé
Le maintien de la paix multilatéral est, de plus en plus fréquemment, le moyen par lequel la communauté internationale répond aux conflits violents, qu’ils soient internes ou entre États. L’étude du maintien de la paix requiert des investigations transnationales et multi-sites dont l’importance est croissante en anthropologie. En dépit de ce fait, peu d’études anthropologiques du maintien de la paix ont été réalisées. Cet article prolonge un programme ininterrompu de recherche anthropologique sur le maintien de la paix. Il utilise la théorie de l’inversion psychologique pour interpréter des données ethnographiques recueillies par l’Organisme des Nations Unies chargé de la surveillance de la trêve (ONUST). Dans le maintien de la paix, les actions individuelles sont liées, dans un processus d’implications mutuelles, à des schémas à grande échelle de légitimité et d’efficacité du maintien de la paix. L’analyse présentée ici crée un échafaudage théorique permettant de connecter l’analyse des motivations au niveau individuel à un exposé de l’inversion culturelle dans le maintien de la paix à de plus hauts niveaux d’organisation sociale.
Mots clés:
- Rubinstein,
- maintien de la paix,
- motivation,
- agir et structure,
- analyse multiniveaux,
- inversion culturelle
Abstract
Multilateral peacekeeping is an increasingly important way that the international community responds to violent conflicts within and between states. Studying peacekeeping requires transnational, multisided investigation, which is increasingly important for anthropology. Despite this, there have been few anthropological studies of peacekeeping. This paper extends an ongoing program of anthropological research on peacekeeping. This paper uses psychological reversal theory to interpret ethnographic data collected from the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization. Individual actions in peacekeeping are linked in a mutually implicative process to broad-scale patterns of peacekeeping legitimacy and effectiveness. The analysis presented here creates a theoretical scaffolding to connect the analysis of motivation at an individual level to a cultural inversion account of peacekeeping at higher levels of social organization.
Keywords:
- Rubinstein,
- peacekeeping,
- motivation,
- structure and agency,
- multi-level analysis,
- cultural inversion
Resumen
El mantenimiento multilateral de la paz es el medio que, con mayor frecuencia, utiliza la comunidad internacional en tanto que respuesta a los conflictos violentos, sean internos o entre naciones. El estudio del mantenimiento de la paz exige investigaciones trasnacionales y multi-situacionales, que son cada día más importantes en antropología. A pesar de ello, se han realizado pocos estudios antropológicos sobre el mantenimiento de la paz. Este artículo prolonga un continuo programa de investigación antropológica sobre el mantenimiento de la paz. Utiliza la teoría de la inversión sicológica en la interpretación de los datos etnográficos recogidos por la Organización de la Naciones Unidas encargada de la vigilancia de la tregua (ONUVT). En el mantenimiento de la paz, las acciones individuales están ligadas, al interior de un proceso de implicaciones mutuas, con esquemas a gran escala de legitimidad y eficacia del mantenimiento de la paz. El análisis que aquí se presenta, propone un andamiaje teórico que permite conectar el análisis de las motivaciones a escala individual con una explicación de la inversión cultural en el mantenimiento de la paz a niveles más altos de la organización social
Palabras clave:
- Rubinstein,
- mantenimiento de la paz,
- motivación,
- acción y estructura,
- análisis multi-niveles,
- inversión cultural
Appendices
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