Abstracts
Résumé
À travers quarante années de publications anthropologiques sur le thème du tourisme, ce texte recherche les fondements de ce regard disciplinaire, les origines des tentatives de théorisation et leur déploiement, pour ensuite se centrer sur les analyses du tourisme comme facteur de changement social dans les sociétés réceptrices. L’accent est mis sur la recherche empirique des conséquences culturelles et socio-économiques du développement d’activités liées au tourisme dans les sociétés locales. L’auteur signale l’insuffisance conceptuelle se dégageant de la recherche sur les implications du tourisme dans les sociétés réceptrices à partir d’un hypothétique corpus théorique centré sur le tourisme. Pour faire avancer la réflexion sur le tourisme comme facteur de changement dans des sociétés réceptrices, il souligne la nécessité d’écarter le touriste de cet aspect de la recherche et de produire des études de cas fouillées et résolument enracinées dans leurs contextes particuliers, matière première indispensable pour avancer sur ce terrain encore mal connu.
Mots clés:
- Michaud,
- tourisme,
- anthropologie,
- sociétés réceptrices,
- changement social
Abstract
Through a survey of forty years of anthropological publications on tourism, the paper begins with an investigation of the foundations of that particular discipline’s analysis, looking for the origins of theoretical propositions and their evolution. The focus is then narrowed to examine studies which look at tourism as a factor of social change in host societies with special attention paid to empirical research on the cultural and socio-economic impacts of tourism development on local societies. The author argues that anthropological research on these impacts, when conducted within the conceptual framework of an encompassing yet hypothetical « theory of tourism », is not convincing. To further research fruitfully on the impacts of tourism on host societies at the local level, the author stresses the necessity of dissociating this research from the one on the tourist, and of producing more case studies firmly rooted in their particular contexts, a fundamental prerequisite to progress in this still little known field.
Key words:
- Michaud,
- tourism,
- anthropology,
- host societies,
- social change
Appendices
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