Abstracts
Abstract
Conspirituality—that is, the connection between conspiracy theories and spirituality—has recently gained popularity in academic and non-academic circles. Often associated with populist and irrational beliefs, it has been linked to right-wing politics, faulty thinking, and disruptive and potentially violent behaviour (Greenwood 2022; Russell 2022). While these connections have been proven to be true in some cases, in this paper, rooted in my long-standing ethnographic research, I offer a contribution that illuminates other aspects of conspirituality—in line with recent attempts to honour the complexity and internal variability of the phenomenon (for example, Greenwood 2022; Ong 2021). In particular, differently from the overwhelming majority of current approaches in the study of conspirituality, I propose to frame the study of conspirituality not only by focusing on ideas and beliefs, but in conversation with the study of “lived religion” (see, for example, Ammerman 2021; Hall 2001; McGuire 2008) in a way that distinguishes the actual experience of persons from normative beliefs and practices. Similarly to what the study of “lived religion” does to the study of religion, I claim that the study of “lived conspirituality” could offer insights into the phenomenon of conspiracism, today (Ong 2020). By analyzing discourses and practices of conspiritualists that I observed on the field, I will challenge mainstream interpretations of the role of the individual and of marginality in New Age conspirituality.
Keywords:
- conspirituality,
- Italy,
- COVID-19,
- new age,
- conspiracy theories,
- lived religion
Résumé
La conspiritualité, c’est-à-dire le lien entre les théories du complot et la spiritualité, a récemment gagné en popularité dans les milieux universitaires et non universitaires. Souvent associée à des croyances populistes et irrationnelles, elle a été liée à la politique de droite, à une pensée erronée et à un comportement perturbateur potentiellement violent (Greenwood 2022 ; Russell 2022). Si ces liens se sont avérés exacts dans certains cas, cet article s’appuie sur mes recherches ethnographiques de longue date et propose une contribution qui met en lumière d’autres aspects de la conspiritualité, conformément aux récentes tentatives visant à rendre hommage à la complexité et à la variabilité interne du phénomène (par exemple, Greenwood 2022 ; Ong 2021). Contrairement à l’écrasante majorité des approches actuelles de l’étude de la conspiritualité, je propose en particulier d’encadrer l’étude de la conspiritualité en se concentrant non seulement sur les idées et les croyances, mais aussi en relation avec l’étude de la « religion vécue » (notamment, Ammerman 2021 ; Hall 2001 ; McGuire 2008), qui distingue l’expérience personnelle réelle des croyances et des pratiques normatives. Tout comme l’étude de la « religion vécue » apporte à l’étude de la religion, j’avance que l’étude de la « conspiritualité vécue » pourrait permettre de mieux comprendre le phénomène du conspirationnisme aujourd’hui (Ong 2020). En analysant les discours et les pratiques des conspiritualistes que j’ai observés sur le terrain, je remets en question les interprétations courantes du rôle de l’individu et de la marginalité dans la conspiritualité du New Age.
Mots-clés :
- conspiritualité,
- Italie,
- COVID-19,
- New Age,
- théories du complot,
- religion vécue
Appendices
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