Abstracts
Abstract
The depositional record in the Maritimes Basin falls entirely within the Late Devonian to Permian span of the Late Paleozoic Ice Age (LPIA). Basin paleolatitudes range from 25–27°S in the middle Tournaisian to equatorial by the end of the Carboniferous. Evidence for glaciation reaching below 10° in latitude is recorded in uppermost Carboniferous to lowermost Permian rocks of the western USA. Sedimentologic evidence for cold-climate sedimentation within the Maritimes Basin is documented in Nova Scotia for the first time by glacially faceted and striated clasts in upper Tournaisian diamictites, which are coeval with glacial diamictites recently described in western Newfoundland. Marine fossils in immediately underlying upper Tournaisian rocks and coeval thick evaporites drilled in the Gulf of St. Lawrence suggest deposition under warm arid conditions. Other Maritimes Basin evaporites were typically deposited during isotopically predicted warm (and arid) climate excursions except for the middle Tournaisian Gautreau Formation, in which glauberite salts indicate seasonal freezing. Late Carboniferous coals were deposited globally during the coldest times of the LPIA and Maritimes Basin coals may record the same paleoclimatic setting. Mississippian volcanism in the Maritimes Basin shows linkages with warm paleotemperature excursions in the isotope record and the associated retreat of ice sheets, as well as sea-level rise within the LPIA. Mississippian rocks in the Maritimes Basin record warm climatic conditions that are consistent with the basin’s low-latitude position, but they also record cold-climate settings that have been overlooked due to a long-standing low-latitude “paleotropical” climate bias.
Résumé
La sédimentation enregistrée dans le bassin des Maritimes se situe entièrement dans l’intervalle s’étendant du Dévonien tardif au Permien de la période glaciaire du Paléozoïque tardif (PGPT). Les paléolatitudes du bassin varient de 25 à 27° sud au milieu du Tournaisien aux latitudes équatoriales à la fin du Carbonifère. Des signes de glaciation jusqu’au-dessous de 10° de latitude transparaissent dans les roches du Carbonifère supérieur au Permien inférieur de l'ouest des États-Unis. Des preuves sédimentologiques de sédimentation en climat froid dans le bassin des Maritimes sont documentées en Nouvelle-Écosse pour la première fois par des clastes facettés et striés par les glaciers dans les diamictites du Tournaisien supérieur, qui sont contemporains des diamictites glaciaires récemment décrites dans l'ouest de Terre-Neuve. Les fossiles marins dans les roches du Tournaisien supérieur immédiatement sous-jacentes et les évaporites épaisses contemporaines forées dans le golfe du Saint-Laurent laissent supposer une sédimentation dans des conditions arides chaudes. Les autres évaporites du bassin des Maritimes se sont typiquement déposées au cours d'excursions climatiques chaudes (et arides) isotopiquement définies, sauf dans le cas de la Formation du Tournaisien moyen Gautreau, dans laquelle des sels de glaubérite témoignent d’un gel saisonnier. Les charbons du Carbonifère tardif se sont déposés partout dans le monde pendant les intervalles les plus froids de la PGPT et les charbons du bassin des Maritimes pourraient signaler le même contexte paléoclimatique. Le volcanisme du Mississippien dans le bassin des Maritimes affiche des liens avec des excursions de paléotempératures chaudes dans le profil isotopique, le retrait connexe des nappes glaciaires, ainsi que l’élévation du niveau de la mer au cours de la PGPT. Les roches du Mississippien dans le bassin des Maritimes ont enregistré des conditions climatiques chaudes correspondant à la position à basse latitude du bassin, mais elles ont aussi consigné des contextes climatiques froids qui ont été négligés en raison d'un biais climatique « paléotropical » de basse latitude de longue date.
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