Abstracts
Résumé
Le jeu de l’ultimatum recense sans nul doute l’une des plus larges littératures expérimentales de ces trois dernières décennies. Dans cet article, nous nous intéressons aux décisions des joueurs dans le jeu de l’ultimatum ainsi qu’aux variables explicatives susceptibles d’influencer la somme offerte. Nous réalisons une méta-analyse portant sur un total de 97 observations du jeu simple de l’ultimatum recueillies à travers 42 articles publiés entre 1983 et 2012. Alors que la prédiction théorique annonce que les offres du jeu de l’ultimatum devraient être nulles, nos résultats mettent en évidence que ce choix procure un gain espéré de 7,69 % de la somme en jeu pour le proposant. Alors que le gain espéré du proposant est à son maximum lorsque ce dernier offre 40 % de la somme à partager, la moyenne pondérée des offres formulées par les proposants de notre échantillon d’études s’établit à 41,04 %. Parmi les variables explicatives étudiées, seul le fait d’être un étudiant en économie présente un impact significatif sur les sommes offertes. Ce résultat va dans le sens de l’étude menée par Carter et Irons (1991).
Appendices
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